Michael Spence

a Nobel laureate in economics, is Emeritus Professor of Economics and a former dean of the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University


How to strike the right balance between the state and the market, and ensure the proper functioning of both, has been debated for centuries
10 марта 2024 5 мин. 35470
Recent conversations about the global economy and markets have been defined by a set of recurring questions
05 июня 2022 6 мин. 42477
MILAN – The coronavirus has a chokehold on the global economy. Like many friends and colleagues in China, I, too, have been locked down, along with the rest of Italy. Many of my fellow citizens in the United States are now in the same situation; others around the world will follow suit soon enough
06 апреля 2020 5 мин. 7445
Recent conversations about the global economy and markets have been defined by a set of recurring questions
05 июня 2022 6 мин. 42477
How to strike the right balance between the state and the market, and ensure the proper functioning of both, has been debated for centuries
10 марта 2024 5 мин. 35470
MILAN – The coronavirus has a chokehold on the global economy. Like many friends and colleagues in China, I, too, have been locked down, along with the rest of Italy. Many of my fellow citizens in the United States are now in the same situation; others around the world will follow suit soon enough
06 апреля 2020 5 мин. 7445
Recent conversations about the global economy and markets have been defined by a set of recurring questions
05 июня 2022 6 мин. 42477 Репостов в соцсетях: 30
How to strike the right balance between the state and the market, and ensure the proper functioning of both, has been debated for centuries
10 марта 2024 5 мин. 35470 Репостов в соцсетях: 1
MILAN – The coronavirus has a chokehold on the global economy. Like many friends and colleagues in China, I, too, have been locked down, along with the rest of Italy. Many of my fellow citizens in the United States are now in the same situation; others around the world will follow suit soon enough
06 апреля 2020 5 мин. 7445 Репостов в соцсетях: 0

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        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/AuthorsController.php:42
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        • 18. view::authors-inner:68
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        • 18. view::authors-inner:68
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • 18. view::authors-inner:188
        • 25. /vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php:200
        • 71. /public/index.php:54
      • select * from `forbes_images` where `forbes_images`.`ImageID` = '158137' limit 1640μsview::authors-inner:188forbes_base
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 158137
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • 18. view::authors-inner:188
        • 25. /vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php:200
        • 71. /public/index.php:54
      • select * from `forbes_data_images` where `forbes_data_images`.`ImageID` = '101526' limit 1660μsview::authors-inner:188forbes_base
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 101526
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • 18. view::authors-inner:188
        • 25. /vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php:200
        • 71. /public/index.php:54
      • select * from `forbes_images` where `forbes_images`.`ImageID` = '101526' limit 1680μsview::authors-inner:188forbes_base
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 101526
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • 18. view::authors-inner:188
        • 25. /vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php:200
        • 71. /public/index.php:54
      • select * from `forbes_prteaser_group` where `url` not in ('sap') and `validfrom` <= '2025-04-15 14:30:34' and `validtill` >= '2025-04-15 14:30:34' limit 5710μs/app/Models/TeaserGroups.php:30forbes_base
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. sap
        • 1. 2025-04-15 14:30:34
        • 2. 2025-04-15 14:30:34
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • 12. /app/Models/TeaserGroups.php:30
        • 13. /app/Widgets/CorpBlogs.php:22
        • 19. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Misc/LaravelApplicationWrapper.php:48
        • 20. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:54
        • 21. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:75
        • 22. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:17
        • 27. view::partials.sidebar:10
        • 28. view::partials.sidebar:10
        • 34. view::authors-inner:353
        • 41. /vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php:200
        • 87. /public/index.php:54
      • select * from `forbes_anounces` order by `AnounceID` desc limit 1610μs/app/Models/Anounces.php:38forbes_base
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        Backtrace
        • 13. /app/Models/Anounces.php:38
        • 14. /app/Widgets/Anounce.php:20
        • 20. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Misc/LaravelApplicationWrapper.php:48
        • 21. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:75
        • 23. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:17
        • 28. view::partials.sidebar:13
        • 29. view::partials.sidebar:13
        • 35. view::authors-inner:353
        • 42. /vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php:200
        • 88. /public/index.php:54
      • select * from `forbes_images` where `forbes_images`.`ImageID` in ('160604')630μs/app/Models/Anounces.php:38forbes_base
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 160604
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 20. /app/Models/Anounces.php:38
        • 21. /app/Widgets/Anounce.php:20
        • 27. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Misc/LaravelApplicationWrapper.php:48
        • 28. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:54
        • 29. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:75
        • 30. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:17
        • 35. view::partials.sidebar:13
        • 36. view::partials.sidebar:13
        • 42. view::authors-inner:353
        • 49. /vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php:200
        • 95. /public/index.php:54
      • select * from `forbes_bdays` where month(`Bday`) = '4' and day(`Bday`) = '15' order by `Bday` desc620μs/app/Models/Birthdays.php:29forbes_base
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 4
        • 1. 15
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 12. /app/Models/Birthdays.php:29
        • 13. /app/Widgets/BirthdaysToday.php:20
        • 19. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Misc/LaravelApplicationWrapper.php:48
        • 20. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:54
        • 21. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:75
        • 22. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:17
        • 27. view::partials.sidebar:16
        • 28. view::partials.sidebar:16
        • 34. view::authors-inner:353
        • 41. /vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php:200
        • 87. /public/index.php:54
      • select `forbes_data_tops`.`DataID`, `forbes_data`.`Date` from `forbes_data_tops` inner join `forbes_data` on `forbes_data_tops`.`DataID` = `forbes_data`.`DataID` and `forbes_data`.`finished` = '1' where `forbes_data_tops`.`StructureID` = '66' and `forbes_data`.`Date` <= '2025-04-15 14:30:34' order by `forbes_data_tops`.`Position` asc limit 1 offset 0690μs/app/Models/DataTops.php:103forbes_base
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 66
        • 2. 2025-04-15 14:30:34
        Backtrace
        • 12. /app/Models/DataTops.php:103
        • 13. /app/Widgets/EditorChoise.php:20
        • 19. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Misc/LaravelApplicationWrapper.php:48
        • 20. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:54
        • 21. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:75
        • 22. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:17
        • 27. view::partials.sidebar:19
        • 28. view::partials.sidebar:19
        • 34. view::authors-inner:353
        • 41. /vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php:200
        • 87. /public/index.php:54
      • select * from `forbes_data_data` where `forbes_data_data`.`DataID` in ('320937')1.1ms/app/Models/DataTops.php:103forbes_base
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 320937
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/Models/DataTops.php:103
        • 20. /app/Widgets/EditorChoise.php:20
        • 26. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Misc/LaravelApplicationWrapper.php:48
        • 27. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:54
        • 28. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:75
        • 29. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:17
        • 34. view::partials.sidebar:19
        • 35. view::partials.sidebar:19
        • 41. view::authors-inner:353
        • 48. /vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php:200
        • 94. /public/index.php:54
      • select * from `forbes_data_images` where `forbes_data_images`.`ImageID` in ('160257')640μs/app/Models/DataTops.php:103forbes_base
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 160257
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 26. /app/Models/DataTops.php:103
        • 27. /app/Widgets/EditorChoise.php:20
        • 33. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Misc/LaravelApplicationWrapper.php:48
        • 34. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:54
        • 35. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:75
        • 36. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:17
        • 41. view::partials.sidebar:19
        • 42. view::partials.sidebar:19
        • 48. view::authors-inner:353
        • 55. /vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php:200
        • 101. /public/index.php:54
      • select * from `forbes_images` where `forbes_images`.`ImageID` in ('160257')670μs/app/Models/DataTops.php:103forbes_base
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 160257
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 33. /app/Models/DataTops.php:103
        • 34. /app/Widgets/EditorChoise.php:20
        • 40. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Misc/LaravelApplicationWrapper.php:48
        • 41. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:54
        • 42. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:75
        • 43. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:17
        • 48. view::partials.sidebar:19
        • 49. view::partials.sidebar:19
        • 55. view::authors-inner:353
        • 62. /vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php:200
        • 108. /public/index.php:54
      • select * from `forbes_video` where `isShow` = '1' and `project` = 'qna' order by RAND() limit 13.01ms/app/Models/Video.php:42forbes_base
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. qna
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
        Backtrace
        • 12. /app/Models/Video.php:42
        • 13. /app/Widgets/RandProjectVideo.php:24
        • 19. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Misc/LaravelApplicationWrapper.php:48
        • 20. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:54
        • 21. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:75
        • 22. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:17
        • 27. view::partials.sidebar:28
        • 28. view::partials.sidebar:28
        • 34. view::authors-inner:353
        • 41. /vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php:200
        • 87. /public/index.php:54
      • select * from `forbes_data` inner join `forbes_data_social_stats2` on `forbes_data_social_stats2`.`DataID` = `forbes_data`.`DataID` where `Date` >= '2025-04-14 14:30:34' and `AnounceID` is null and `finished` = '1' order by `forbes_data_social_stats2`.`facebook` desc limit 7740μs/app/Models/Data.php:544forbes_base
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2025-04-14 14:30:34
        • 1. 1
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 12. /app/Models/Data.php:544
        • 13. /app/Widgets/MostShared.php:21
        • 19. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Misc/LaravelApplicationWrapper.php:48
        • 20. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:54
        • 21. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:75
        • 22. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:17
        • 27. view::partials.sidebar:36
        • 28. view::partials.sidebar:36
        • 34. view::authors-inner:353
        • 41. /vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php:200
        • 87. /public/index.php:54
      • select * from `forbes_data` inner join `forbes_data_data` on `forbes_data`.`DataID` = `forbes_data_data`.`DataID` where `Date` <= '2025-04-15 14:30:34' and `finished` = '1' and `DataType` = 'articles' and `Date` >= '2025-04-14 14:30:34' order by `forbes_data_data`.`Views` desc limit 7790μs/app/Models/Data.php:560forbes_base
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2025-04-15 14:30:34
        • 1. 1
        • 2. articles
        • 3. 2025-04-14 14:30:34
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 12. /app/Models/Data.php:560
        • 13. /app/Widgets/MostViews.php:20
        • 19. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Misc/LaravelApplicationWrapper.php:48
        • 20. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:54
        • 21. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:75
        • 22. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:17
        • 27. view::partials.sidebar:46
        • 28. view::partials.sidebar:46
        • 34. view::authors-inner:353
        • 41. /vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php:200
        • 87. /public/index.php:54
      • select * from `forbes_video` where `isShow` = '1' and `addDate` >= '2025-04-14 14:30:34' order by `addDate` desc limit 1690μs/app/Models/Video.php:71forbes_base
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 2025-04-14 14:30:34
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 13. /app/Models/Video.php:71
        • 14. /app/Widgets/BoostVideo.php:21
        • 20. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Misc/LaravelApplicationWrapper.php:48
        • 21. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:75
        • 23. /vendor/arrilot/laravel-widgets/src/Factories/WidgetFactory.php:17
        • 28. view::layout:602
        • 29. view::layout:602
        • 35. view::authors-inner:359
        • 42. /vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php:200
        • 88. /public/index.php:54
        web
        array:2 [ "name" => "Guest" "user" => array:1 [ "guest" => true ] ]
        api
        array:2 [ "name" => "Guest" "user" => array:1 [ "guest" => true ] ]
          _token
          dLhJ9AEK7NwLOXFAPO9K9L53vaaguIqCSM6N1oeM
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://test.forbes.kz/authors/authorsid_797" ]
          PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
          []
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          status_text
          OK
          status_code
          200
          request_query
          []
          request_request
          []
          request_headers
          array:25 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "content-length" => array:1 [ 0 => ""...
          request_server
          array:52 [ "TEMP" => "/srv/www/forbes.kz/tmp" "TMPDIR" => "/srv/www/forbes.kz/tmp" "TMP" => "/...
          request_cookies
          []
          response_headers
          array:5 [ "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ ...
          path_info
          /authors/authorsid_797
          session_attributes
          array:3 [ "_token" => "dLhJ9AEK7NwLOXFAPO9K9L53vaaguIqCSM6N1oeM" "_previous" => array:1 [ "u...